Functions of a Nurse in Health Care - 1843 Words

1. Pregnancy and drug abuse The drug abuse menace has been indicated to be one of the leading factors that negatively affect people at whatever stage of life right from the fetus stage to the fully grown baby and the adulthood. There were astonishing statistics from the 2008 and 2009 data that relates to the pregnant women and drug abuse. It is indicated that the drug abuse by pregnant women who are younger was higher than the elderly ones. The percentages of pregnant women between the ages of 15 to 17 and abused drugs stood at 15.8% of them, a figure that is relatively higher that that of women in the same age gap who are not pregnant at 13% (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2011). These are grim statistics that definitely require the intervention of the entire society and all concerned agencies to ensure that the issue of drug abuse is sufficiently handled and reduced to safeguard the future generations. In order to combat this among the pregnant women, there needs to be a compreh ensive Ante Natal Care focus on the issue of pregnancy and drug abuse. The program should be one that covers the assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation of the ANC concerning drug abuse. Assessment; this stage will try to first find out if the pregnant mothers abuse drugs, and to what extent. This stage can be accomplished easily by the use of questionnaires with intrusive questions and those that find out the attitude of the drug abuser (Yale Medical Group, 2012).Show MoreRelatedFunction Of The Australian Nursing And Midwifery Council1382 Words   |  6 Pagesprofession, one should have the required aptitude to be able to function efficiently. In the field of nursing, considered as a caring profession, it is but imperative that the person practicing it should be equipped with the right knowledge, right skills and right attitude to be able to deliver safe and quality care to his or her clientele. In today’s society, competent performance is highly anti cipated, especially among health care professionals. In nursing, O’Shea defined competency as â€Å"the knowledgeRead MoreEssay on Nursing as an Occupation1113 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the nurse needs to `articulate who s/he is and what his/her `value is in medicine or risks having others define it. As with the profession itself, definitions of nursing are ...dynamic...constantly evolving to meet new needs...new knowledge.(Royal College of Nursing, 2003). Down through the years as the role of the nurse has expanded and diversified, so have the opinions of those who respect and view this career with intrigue. The author believes that nursing is and the functions of the nurseRead MoreThe Core Concept Of Nursing1745 Words   |  7 PagesTheory is a cluster of concept or ideas that propose a view concerning a phenomenon to guide nursing practice (Chitty, 2005). The four concepts basic to nursing that are incorporated in this paper are nursing, person, health, and environment (Cherry Jacob, 2005). The goal of this paper is to describe the core concept of nursing shared amongst Dorothea Orem and Virginia Henderson’s theories. The comparison and analysis of concept definitions between these two theories will also examined. FinallyRead MoreThe Registered Nurse Functions At An Independent Level Of Nursing1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe registered nurse functions at an independent level of nursing. Registered nurses conduct comprehensive nursing assessments of the health status of clients. A RN is required to conduct the initial assessment of a client. However, the LPN may follow up with conducting focused assessments. The RN retains overall responsibility for verifying data collected, interpreting data, and formulating nursing diagnoses. A registered nurse is responsible for delegating a task initially and for periodic assessmentsRead MoreAssociate-Degree in Nursing vs. Baccalaureate-Degree in Nursing1191 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Associate-degree Nurses vs. Baccalaureate-degree Nurses: An associate degree in nursing is obtained after a two-year period in junior or community college and is provided online by some schools. On the contrary, a baccalaureate degree in this field is earned after a four-year academic period in a university or traditional college. There are several distinctions between the two degrees as baccalaureate degree has emerged as an important requirement for professional practice in nursing. One of theRead MoreInformation Systems ( Inss )1537 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation technology, health care institutions are constantly confronted with the need to adapt to the resulting new processes of information management and use.[1] Nusing information systems(INSs) are promoted as a technology supporting collaboration and improving health care decision making at the point- of –care and ultimately health care outcomes. An NIS contains data collection and intetration functionality for nurses and could be used as a part of an electronic health record(EHR) or in conjunctionRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1676 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophies and a personal nursing philosophy is presented, including the personal definitions of the four phenomena of nursing namely person, environment, health, and nursing. The said philosophy will then be compared to other professionally-acclaimed philosophies. Included in the discussion is the importance of a nurse’s role in providing health care to persons, family, and the society and how it is able to address problems in the face of cultural and spiritual differences. Personal Philosophy ARead MoreHome Health Care1264 Words   |  6 PagesHome Health Care and the Value of the Registered Nurse Home Health Care and the Value of the Registered Nurse The home health care system is one of the fastest growing industries in America. Today, there has been a vast growth of services with approximately 7.6 million clients receiving care from about 83,000 providers (National Association for Home Care and Hospice, 2008, pg 1). This is an increase of 63,000 suppliers since 2004. Factors affecting these figures are; an aging populationRead MoreNursing Is A Leader, And The Ways Nurses Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagesin Patient care. Nurses educate, advocate, care and comfort patient. Moreover, nurses do 24 hour bedside care; they assess, plan, implement and evaluate the care and comfort of the patient. Furthermore, they communicate and collaborate patient care with other care team members. Nurses are eyes and ears of patient. Institute of medicine (IOM) understand the relation of nursing care and patient outcome. IOM perceives nurses going above and beyond to improve increasingly complex health care industry.Read MoreThe Principles Of Com munity Health979 Words   |  4 PagesPrinciples of Community Health Like any profession, the perception of nursing can change depending upon perspective. The purpose of this discussion is to compare and contrast community health nursing  practice with hospital-based nursing practice in the provision of essential  core functions and services. The paper will delineate nursing theories  and models of care in relationship to those practices.  Ã‚  Additionally, examples will be  provided from nursing experience.  Ã‚   Nursing care can be analyzed using

Parts of the Hiring Process Free Essays

There are many ways a company can go about recruiting high quality and fully qualified potential employees. One of the most common ways is by going online and looking at resumes posted on such sites such as Monster, CareerBuilder, or The Ladders. But by trying to find potential employees in this way it leaves a lot of problems in the open. We will write a custom essay sample on Parts of the Hiring Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now Problems such as, what if a potential employee exaggerates on their resume or what if they add qualifications and skill that they don’t have are all problems that can easily be found after an employee is hired. Sure, a resume is a great way to discover potential employees but that process needs to be taken even further. As some companies do I think it is extremely important for a potential employee to not just have one interview with one person but multiple rounds of interviews with different people. This allows others to get a sense of the candidate and allows them to compare that person to the other people also being interviewed. Another very  ¬good way of recruiting potential employees is by having job fairs. This allows a ton of potential people to come in and meet face to face, after this a few people that are liked can be brought in for next round. Also, at these job fairs for the people that are found likeable and potential, they could be given a small test to see whether or not they know the job which they are interested in. This allows the candidate to display their skills first hand. There are 6 parts of the selection process, background information, interviews, paper and pencil tests, physical ability tests, performance tests, and references (Jones-George). Background information, meaning information gathered from job applications and resumes. This information consists of past and present job experience, colleges or other schools attended, or if they have any foreign language skills. The information is usually cross referenced with a background check to further validate accuracy. This part of the selection process is the first thing employers will use to find potential employees. Another part of process is interviews which is pretty self-explanatory. Prospects will come into work place and be interviewed and evaluated in person by being asked questions about their past employment, goals, about the company, and what they expect to get out of the job. This part of the process is good for employer to get a more personal feel for a person and see if they fit. References are also pretty self-explanatory as well. These are people that can be called, and / or emailed to learn more about the employee. They can be people that the candidate supplied to the employer or people the employer seeks out on their own. They supply the employee with an opinion of character from someone other than the candidates view to supply employer’s skills, abilities, and other personal characteristics. They are usually used at the end of the process to make a final decision. Paper and pencil tests, are usually given to candidates for ability and personality tests. For example in my company analysts are usually given these tests to check their math skills and their reading skills to make sure they are fully up to par with that portion of the job. Personality tests are given by employers to get an overall sense of a person and to make sure they are not a possible risk to both themselves and others around them. It also shows an employer their problem solving skills and how they handle s tress. Performance tests are given to candidates when they apply to a job that requires them to use specific types of programs or in other jobs maybe specific types of equipment. These tests can be anything from testing how fast a person types to how proficient a person is in excel. These tests are used to actually display a candidate’s skill rather than just listing it on a resume. This is a very important test to have a candidate perform. When interviewing a person in my field we sometimes give them a computer which we have broken and know what is wrong and ask them to see what is wrong and how to fix. Not only does this show us the skills they have, but also shows us how they think when under pressure. Physical ability tests are only given to candidates who are applying to work in a physically demanding position such as police or fire fighting jobs (Jones-George). These tests bring out who is physically and mentally ready for the job and who can properly and safely perform it without injuring themselves or others. References: Jones-George: Essentials of Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2011 How to cite Parts of the Hiring Process, Essay examples

Developmental Theories Make To Assessment †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Implications Might A Young Client's Attachment Style Have Upon Their Capacity To Engage In Counselling? Answer: Introducation The progression of the young people as well as adolescent might comply a sequence as made up of with the anticipated order for the appearance of particular behaviours and also features yet they are generally definitely variable (Ali, Farrer, Gulliver Griffiths, 2015). The personalities of the children are quite uncertain in lieu of the anticipation of the stability of the adults. As associated with this instability which is observed in them it is a clear evidence which reveal the normal development that is really often marked by numerous the behavior problems. The child along with the adolescent therapist needs to be in a position to sort out these regular issues from those which can signify the a bit more serious problems. Additionally, the consciousness to the development might also aid the therapist with regards to the clinical decision making to the numerous point with regards to the treatment process (Dowling Rickwood, 2014). There needs to be appropriate goal setting that is vital that you any one of the therapeutic venture. This offers the direction to our work, which might permit us to monitor on the progress. The children and adolescent assessment and development theory sets on the goal with regards to the development framework (Ali, Farrer, Gulliver Griffiths, 2015). Moreover, additionally they assist in these people acquiring on the problem solving cognitive abilities or maybe the moral judgment aspects. In setting of the goals above the developmental anticipation is nearly as making certain the expectations is making certain the intervention would certainly fail (Dowling Rickwood, 2014). The development theories allows the therapist in choosing on the suitable content and choose the degree of the therapeutic interaction which suit the children and the adolescents. Some of the notable developmental theories are those of work done by Freud, and Piaget (Ali, Farrer, Gulliver Griffiths, 2015). On the Piagets of the Cognitive development has provide d an excellent base when it comes to assessment of the intellectual development of the adults and the children. On this theory it provide a nature as well as the development of the human intelligence (Trower, Jones Dryden, 2015). This theory is significance in assessment and the development of the children and adolescent because it shows a progressive reorganization of their mental process which could result from the biological maturation as the experience of the environment they live in. these individuals are able to construct the understanding of the world around them, they experience on the discrepancies between what they know and what they have already discovered in their environment, then they are able to adjust on their ideas accordingly (Dowling Rickwood, 2014). This theory is at the centre of the human organism, and the language is the contingent when it comes to the knowledge and the understanding which has been acquired by the children and adolescent through their cognit ive development. The second theory is the Freudian theory of the personality (Rupani, Cooper, McArthur, Pybis, Cromarty, Hill Turner, 2014). According to Freud he claimed that the way parents treated their children basic sexual along with the hostile desires determined on their personalitys growth and also whether or not they might turn out as well adjusted adults (Joyce, P., Sills, C. (2014). The children generally undergo a several stages of the sexual development that are oral, Anal, latency, Phallic, and the Genital. Depending on view of Freud every stage focusses on the sexual activity and the pleasure which is received from a particular part of the body. With regards to the oral phase, the children are generally focussed on the pleasures that happen to be received from the sucking and the biting with their mouth (Trower, Jones Dryden, 2015). These psychosexual phases signify on the fixation of the libido on the numerous part of the body. As a child grows physically numerous areas of their body they become a significant source of the potential frustration (Joyce Sills, 2014). When assessing of the children development Freud develop the theory to describe on the way that the sexual energy accumulates as well as discharge as individual mature biologically. Moreover, he stressed that the five years of life of the children are the most important to the formation of the personality into adults. What implications might a young client's attachment style have upon their capacity to engage in counsellingOver the past the researcher has found out that the attachment theory has impact regulation and also interpersonal relationships. When people have the caregivers that are emotionally accountable, they are likely to develop secure attachment along with a positive inner working type of self and others (Dryden Mytton, 2016). The adult attachment might be pointed out when it comes to the two dimensions that are the adult attachment anxiety along with the adult attachment prevention. The young style attachment style is the conceptualized as the fear of the interpersonal rejection and the abandonment , extreme requires especially for the acceptance from others , negative view of self , along with the hyper activation of affect regulation methods that the individual over-react to the negative mindset as a method of the gains of the others support and the comfort . With regards to this attachment style the patterns tend to be more often difficult to change when this person is used for the adulthood even though it is far from impossible (Dryden Mytton, 2016). The studies which refers to the examining of the mediators of the relation that is between their attachment and their mental health results is important for the counselling since the mediators can help the individual to alleviate their distress. Furthermore, identifying of the mediator might assist individuals to decrease on the influences of the attachment patterns without requiring one changing on the patterns, which can be a much more daunting task. There are numerous ramifications which the young client attachment style bring to their specifications when engaging in counselling (Dryden Mytton, 2016). Initially the attachment style has a strong foundation with regards to the comprehending on the development of ineffective coping strategies along with the underlying dynamics of individuals emotional diff iculties. On the part of the clinicians they can help individuals with the attachment style in addition to avoidance understand on how exactly the past experiences with the caregivers or maybe other people have with regards to shaping on their patterns and precisely how these patterns work to protecting them initially but afterwards contribute to their experience of the distress . The attachment style of individual has the capacity of assisting the individual finding an alternative of fulfilling on their unmet needs (Westergaard, 2013). People who generally seek help would like to learn on how exactly to cope with their irregularities in their daily life along with modify on their dysfunctional or maybe ineffective coping strategies. When individual concentrate on the adjusting the dysfunctional coping strategies would not make certain that the people would cope well. People more regularly have acquired and continued to utilize the dysfunctional strategies simply because they have s erved an adaptive function by means of facilitating them to fulfil on their fundamental psychological needs for instance connection, autonomy as well as competence previously. Helping individuals find on their alternative ways in meeting on their unmet needs is vital when it comes to solving of their problems (Westergaard, 2013). You will need to concentrate on the modifying of the maladaptive coping strategies, but there is also a necessity to recognize on the underlying unmet needs that happen to be a lot more satisfied by utilizing these types of methods and assisting people understanding on the alternative ways to gratify on their psychological or maybe the emotional needs. Individuals with the high attachment style may gradually become less in engaging in counselling and others could lose touch with their feelings or thoughts. These individuals may not have empathy to others on their emotional experiences. They may become lonely and future depression. Additionally, they become reluctant to self-disclosure and hold negative views to others. When it comes to engaging in counselling more often these people do not engages a lot they tend to hold their thoughts and feeling (McAndrew Warne, 2014). It thus becomes difficult for the therapist to help them and the best solution to engage them would be counter complimentary interventions that improves on their ease and comfort level of self-disclosing to other people. The approach to lessen on their reluctance in the self-disclosure along with increase on their closeness is significant when it comes to decrease on the loneliness after the future depression. Conceptualisation Case Identifying information Tim is a 9 year old boy and he is in fourth grade. He has a blonde hair. Compared to the other children in class Tim seems to be of smaller height and weight for his age. Tim dresses in attire which is clean and appropriate. He lives with his mum, dad and his fifteen year old brother. He loves reading books, and watching movies. In class he is a competent boy and very attentive, but his teacher is concerned about his behavior. Chief complaint Tim was referred to the counseling at his elementary school by his teacher. The teacher stated on the referral form that Tim exhibited anger behavior. This occurred while they were having discussion with his colleagues, he became angry and shouted at them you know am not invisible. He is not good in socializing particularly on the group work (McAndrew Warne, 2014). The teacher calmed Tim down and wanted to know what the cause of the shouting was and highlighted to him he was not supposed to shoot but rather work together as a team to come with the various suggestions on the task they were assigned as a group. Presenting the problem Tim is the last born in his family and he lives with his mother, dad and his fifteen year old brother. Tim is not good in socializing with the other kinds and more often we are seeing him reading or playing alone (Geldard, Geldard Foo, 2013). Moreover, when it comes to the group work he is not good at working with the other children, he is very shy and when others do not consider on his suggestion he becomes angry and shout at them. In this situation we see Tim wants to be the leader and his suggestion to be considered and rather not the other group members. The problem of team seems to have persisted over some period and I think it could have been reflected even at home. Tim seems to be shy and likes to be alone, Relevant history Tim is the last born in their family where he lives with his mother, father and dad. Tim do not socialize with other of the children and more often you would see him playing alone. Moreover, he is not good in the group discussion particularly he became angry when others did not approve on his contributed (Geldard, Geldard Foo, 2013). The children do not usually develop their social skills as easily as others. They could earnest and seek on the peer relationships, the parents need to take long view of the social problem and be able to map out a plan to solve on this problem. The children usually go through a definitive phases of the social development (McAndrew Warne, 2014). The children usually play alone quite happily, and in the event another child wanders onto the scene, they get clonked with a block out of the circle of play. In this case we can see Tim playing alone and even reading alone. Interpersonal style: Based on the Karen Horneys conceptualization it is clear that Tim is moving against aggression and dominance. This has been exhibited when he was in the group work and each of the children was making a suggestion towards the problem they faced. Tim suggestion was not considered and he became angry and shouted to the other children. This shows some aggression behaviour and he want to be dominant to the others. He want to get on his way, and other to follow his suggestion without their decision being considered. We can also observe there is tendency towards one polarity of dominance towards another (Geldard, Geldard Foo, 2015). In this case when Tim is playing he does not want to associate himself with the other children. This can also be exhibited in the when he is reading, he does it alone, in other words he is moving away from other withdrawing and want to alone. Based on the client interpersonal stance it is clear to say that above all, he is shy, and towards the counselor and he tried to explain that the other did not even take his suggestion into consideration. He felt they saw him as invisible in that nobody was listening to his suggestion. This shows that Tim does not know how to socialize with others, he wants to be alone and do his own this particularly playing or even reading. He is not comfortable talking to the others perhaps because he is shy. Environmental factors: When it comes to the psychology, there are many scholars who have debated on the issue of the environmental factors towards the child behavior. They have observed that the environment is important when shaping the behavior of the children. The children are not spared from arguably more susceptible to the influences of environment (Geldard, Geldard Foo, 2015). This ranges from the way the family is structured to how the culture has been structured, and nearly every of the facet of the life teaches the children lessons in how they could adapt to the world. There are various environmental factors which could have contributed to the Tim behavior. One of the aspect could be toxic stress. Stress can be in small doses in the context of the supportive environment which is important to the healthy development (McLeod, 2011). Tim could be having stress back from home or even in the school. When an individual does not socialize with other he tends to feel unwanted and start developing hatred to the others. Consequently, the individual begin to get stress which could hinder on their development and the ability to learn (McLeod, 2011). This has been clearly exhibited when Tim was not able to answer a question that he was asked by the teacher. Personality dynamics When it comes to the personality dynamics I will focus on the cognitive factors, emotional and the behavioral factors. Cognitive factors are the characteristics of the children which influence on the performance as well as their learning. These aspect serve in modulating on the performance in such as it could improve or perhaps decline (McLeod, 2014). Some of the cognitive functions include attention, memory and reasoning. In this case study it is clear that Tim has good reasoning and he is also attentive to details. He clearly is a good student, but the external stimuli such as the stress has impacted on his abilities negatively. This has been shown on his performance when he was asked a question he did not even know the answer to it. Emotional factors: The emotional learning begins at the young age and the learning usually grow with their age. The emotional expression has been related to both the social and the cultural influences of both the family and the surroundings. The relationship of the children to their caretaker could give the ability to express on both the positive and the negative emotions when it comes in a socially and culturally accepted manner. Example of emotional factors would be anger which could affect on the way to which the brain processes on the information given to you. The individuals who are angry have the difficulty when it comes to the processing of the logical statements, which limit on their ability to accept explaining and the solutions offered to others (Mearns, Thorne McLeod, 2013). When it comes to this case study Tim was very angry particularly when he shouted to the other children in their group. Moreover, there would an aspect of anxiousness which could impact negative on the part of the brain that manages on the creativity and the communication skills (Mearns, Thorne McLeod, 2013). An example it can be seen when Tim constantly worries in regards to the suggestion he makes to the other group members. This hinders on his ability to concentrate on the information which he give or even receive from the others. Behavioral factors: One of the behavioral factors would be the ego aspect. This is when individuals behave in was which makes them feel good about themselves, and what to gain an approval from the others. In the case of Tim it is evident he has some ego, particularly when he want to have his way and not others. Moreover, he wanted the other group members to notice him and his suggestion to be approved (Churchill, Khaira, Gretton, Chilvers, Dewey, Duggan Antidepressants in Primary Care (CAPC) Study Group, 2000). Moreover, there are other aspect such as commitment and the reciprocity which is monitored by the other individual which has a strong bearing when it comes to our behavior. Tim is much committed in his work and particularly in his studies. He is often seen reaching and been focused on his work. Moreover, this individuals want others to reciprocate on his contribution to the group work they were doing. Counselors conceptualization of the problem: As a counselor the first thing would to learn and understand the emotions of Tim, particularly feeling upset and shouting when around other people. In the case of Tim it is evident in regards to his cognitive aspect it is evident that he has a good reasoning, and his performance is good. Looking at his behavioral aspect he has some ego issues particularly when he becomes upset and shout to the others. The problem that has been affecting Tim has been associated to socializing with others. Moreover, it has been observed he is shy and does not socialize well with others particularly in the group discussion. From these observation there are recommendation should could be employed to be able to solve on the issues affecting Tim. Based on this case it has been found that the cognitive behavioral therapy techniques could be useful when working with the children particularly who suffer from the socialization syndrome (McAndrew Warne, 2014). Moreover, the family and the teacher should comple ment on the cognitive behavioral techniques to provide a well-rounded treatment for the child as well as the support of the parent. Describe how you would engage with Tim in an initial counselling session As a counselor of Tim case the first thing I would begin in the session would to learn and understand the emotions of this child particularly on why he has been upset and angry to an extent of shouting to the other children in the group work. In order to do this, I would bring sheet with the pictures of twenty faces with the various emotions. I would then review each of these emotions with Tim and asked him to describe on each of the emotions, or perhaps provide an example of what he experience towards each of the emotions (McAndrew Warne, 2014). I would then ask him a series of question and ask him to identify an emotion to each of the question I pose. Some of the question I do you feel about the other students? How do you feel when your are at the school? How do you feel about working with the others? This exercise would be done to a couple of sessions, and on each we would refer back to the emotions sheet to check how he is feeling towards others. I believe continued doing this w ould bring some progress in the counseling to enable him to open up and become more confident. I think the main issue Tim is facing is how to socialize, and also it is evident Tim is shy. I would also make another intervention through the solution focused therapy. This is where you allow the child to identify on the aspects of his life which he need to improve. I would provide question which, he would answer then we brainstorm thing together. This would provide an empowering experience for him since he would be able to change on the way he react and act towards others. Additionally, I could purchase on a small journal for Tim to carry around to write on the issues which affect him when he is with the other people. To be able to improve on Tim interactions with the other people I would implement a role playing in the counseling. Here I would have Tim to practice asking the other kids in the class to play during recess. Role playing role during the counseling session would give Tim courage and well build on his social skills to talk and participate with the other kids. Moreover, this would provide practice for him to practice on what he was not comfortable with. By allo wing Tim to practice it would provide a positive attitude as well as courage to implement such skills at the later time while he is in class or perhaps when they are playing. Once we practice on a skill enough to the level which Tim is comfortable with we will make it a goal to enable him to practice it with the other children in the class at least once before the next session. Tim can report back the following week and process on how it would go. Challenges of working with a client the age of Tim as a counselor Some of the challenges faced by the counselor when it comes to the client who are under aged would be the issue of competency and the training. The counselor may face the challenge of not understanding the specific issues which is faced by the children. Moreover, the counselor could not have the required training or the skills when it comes to facilitating on the dialogue (Van Deurzen Adams, 2016). Another challenge could be parental involvement. In some cases the parent of the children may not be available when the child is in the session would create a barrier of the counselor to fully understand on the issue which are affecting the child. It is important for the parents and the professionals to work together in order to find the solutions. Some of the parents could be mistrusting or perhaps unwilling to work with the counselor creating barriers for progress on the case affecting the child. Moreover, there could be challenging situations as well as the unfortunate circumstances wh ere the guardians could be a single parent, other members or even entirely absent (Dowling Rickwood, 2014). There would be the challenge of emotionally draining aspect where the counselor may feel their job intrinsic involving with the other people lives and the problem could lead to the burnout. The counselor may become cynic and ineffective when delivering his assistance. This could be brought about the social environment in which the counselor work. Another challenge would be the legal issues (Dowling Rickwood, 2014). An example of this could be demonstrated in the event that the child was encountering child abuse, the counselor could be faced with the decision to report on that case on one aspect and on the other hand he need to maintain the confidentiality of information provided by the client. References Ali, K., Farrer, L., Gulliver, A., Griffiths, K. M. (2015). Online peer-to-peer support for young people with mental health problems: a systematic review. JMIR mental health, 2(2). Churchill, R., Khaira, M., Gretton, V., Chilvers, C., Dewey, M., Duggan, C., Antidepressants in Primary Care (CAPC) Study Group. (2000). Treating depression in general practice: factors affecting patients' treatment preferences. Br J Gen Pract, 50(460), 905-906. Dowling, M. J., Rickwood, D. J. (2014). Experiences of counsellors providing online chat counselling to young people. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 24(2), 183-196. Dryden, W., Mytton, J. (2016). Four approaches to counselling and psychotherapy. Routledge. Geldard, K., Geldard, D., Foo, R. Y. (2015). Counselling adolescents: The proactive approach or young people. Sage. Geldard, K., Geldard, D., Foo, R. Y. (2013). Counselling children: A practical introduction. Sage. Joyce, P., Sills, C. (2014). Skills in Gestalt counselling psychotherapy. Sage. McAndrew, S., Warne, T. (2014). Hearing the voices of young people who self?harm:Implications for service providers. International journal of mental health nursing, 23(6), 570-579. McLeod, J. (2014). Doing research in counselling and psychotherapy. Sage. McLeod, J. (2011). Qualitative research in counselling and psychotherapy. Sage. Mearns, D., Thorne, B., McLeod, J. (2013). Person-centred counselling in action. Sage. Rupani, P., Cooper, M., McArthur, K., Pybis, J., Cromarty, K., Hill, A., ... Turner, N. (2014).The goals of young people in school?based counselling and their achievement of these goals. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 14(4), 306-314. Trower, P., Jones, J., Dryden, W. (2015). Cognitive behavioural counselling in action. Sage. Van Deurzen, E., Adams, M. (2016). Skills in existential counselling psychotherapy. Sage. Westergaard, J. (2013). Counselling young people: Counsellors' perspectives on what worksAn exploratory study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 13(2), 98-105.

Psychology

Table of Contents Introduction Differentiating sex and gender Impacts of biosocial sex behavior Biosocial influence on division of labor Influence of gender roles on men and women behavior Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Sex and gender fundamentally illuminate the effects of being male, female or transgendered considering a variety of explanations from different fields. Sex in psychology is explained in a myriad of ways which highlight how women and men behave within the constraints of the society (Fiske, Gilbert Lindzey 629).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Psychology – sex and gender specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Differentiating sex and gender Sex is illustrated in genetic/biological terms while gender is expressed through environmental factors. In biological terms, sex bears reference to the condition of being male, female or transgendered considering the reproductive attributes of an individual. Biological expertise has it that these groups differ in associated hormones, chromosomes and reproductive organs. In everyday living, categorization of sex is based on individual evaluation or judgments’ with the exception of the intersex (Unger, 3). The term gender bears reference to the societal/ communal perceptive of the male and female sex. In collective terms, the dissimilarity that exist between male and female are attributed to the division of labor. In this sense, gender roles and identity are given a more artistic meaning and understanding. Society possesses stereotypical attitudes and practices which influences the behavior of men and women extensively. Differences in hostility and pro-social behavior between men and women are influenced by the community which houses different individuals. Impacts of biosocial sex behavior The distinctions arising from the differences in biological and social aspects in sex are illustrated by different theories of c omplexity. It is not forgotten that gender is influenced by socio-cultural factors housed by the environment. For example, according to experts, genes are hereditary but their functions are influenced by socio-cultural issues. On the other hand, biological factors are also influenced by the conditions present within the environmental. As an example boys’ preference for masculine toys is attributed to hormones within the body; however, environmental factors such as parent and friends also play a vital role in infusing attitudes and practices (Unger, 3). Biosocial influence on division of labor The nature of labor in the society with respect to male or female characters is influenced by different factors such as biological, environmental and to greater extent socio-cultural concepts (Fiske, Gilbert, and Lindzey, 629). Women bear children placing them in a better position to nurse them in comparison to men. This is despite men’s masculine body and immense strength. Techn ically, labor is divided in the society on the basis that one sex can perform a task better than the other.Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Influence of gender roles on men and women behavior The conduct of men and women in the society is defined and explained by their roles; however, a person may wonder exactly how this happens. Hormones are known to change from time to time thereby releasing chemicals/substances which influence an individual’s behavior. Societal stereotypical beliefs also play a role in defining an individual’s behavior as far as sex and related activities are concerned. Cultural aspects portrayed by the wider society indicate that men and women behave differently as per social roles attached to each sex. Conclusion In as much as stereotypical behavior is a barrier when talking about change, it is a perfect tool that serves to preserve o ur cultural and traditional identity. Biological and environmental factors are the key instruments that determine an individual sex and gender. Furthermore, they also explain the role and behavior of persons in the society. Works Cited Rhoda, Unger. Handbook of the Psychology of Women and Gender, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 2004, 3 Susan, Fiske. Daniel, Gilbert. Gardner, Lindzey. Hand book of Social Psychology, 5th Edition, Volume One. New Jersey: John Wiley and sons, 2009, (5), 629 This research paper on Psychology – sex and gender was written and submitted by user Carleigh Lynn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Organizational Performance Essays

Organizational Performance Essays Organizational Performance Essay Organizational Performance Essay These main variables are Purpose, Principles, Processes, People, and Performance. This model represents the connection between strategy (Purpose) and structure (Principles as internal structures and Processes as external structures) and the influence of structures on employee behavior (People) and corresponding results (Performance). The thin arrow from Performance to Purpose represents the feedback mechanism for guiding an organization toward objectives. The primary motivation of this model Is to guide an organization toward world-class status and long-term survival. The Swan and Dolphin Hotels at Walt Disney World uses this improvement initiative. 2. AS Management Originator Also web address or journal reference Source: Hiring, Horology. , (1995). 5 Pillars of the Visual Workplace. Cambridge, MA: Productivity Press. When? 1995   Discuss What It is? How Is It used? Name 1 organization that uses It. AS Is the name of a workplace organization method that uses a list of five Japanese words: sell, sexton, seizes, quickest, and skittish. Transliterated or translated into English, they all start with the letter S: sort, systematize, shine, standardize, and sustain. The list describes how to organize a work space for efficiency and effectiveness by identifying and storing the items, maintaining the area and items, and sustaining the new order. The decision-making process usually comes from a dialogue about standardization, Another name for the AS Management Improvement Initiative is Lean AS manufacturing, which is attributed and implemented by the Production System of Toyota. 3. Balanced Score Card Kaplan, Robert S. Norton, David P. (1992). The Balanced Scorecard: Measures that Drive Performance. Harvard Business Review.   Mortuary-February,(1992). 992 Discuss What it is?   How is it used? Name 1 organization that uses it. The balanced scorecard is a management system (not only a measurement system) that enables organizations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them into action. It provides feedback around both internal business processes and external outcomes in order to continuously improve strategic performance and results. When fully deployed, the balanced scorecard transforms strategic planning from an academic exercise into the nerve center of an enterprise. The balanced scorecard retains assures for guiding and evaluating the Journey that information age companies must make to create future value through investment in customers, suppliers, employees, processes, technology, and innovation. Balanced scorecards have been implemented by government agencies, military units, business units and corporations as a whole, non-profit organizations, and schools. BBS is perhaps the best known of several similar frameworks (it was the most widely adopted performance management framework reported in the 2010 annual survey of management tools undertaken by Pain Company. )

18 Awesome ACT Hacks to Help You Ace the Test

18 Awesome ACT Hacks to Help You Ace the Test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Wouldn't it be great if there was a key that unlocked all the shortcuts to success on the ACT? Although that dream might be a little unrealistic, the advice in this article will give you the next best thing in the form of mini-strategies that will cut down on your stress levels and improve your scores. Can You Actually â€Å"Hack† the ACT? To a limited extent, yes. The strategies in this article may lead to a small increase in your scores, but they won’t fix major issues you have with the content of the test.Understanding the format and how to get around some of the trickier parts of the ACT is important, but there’s no substitute for in-depth studying. Consider these tips as supplements to your regular studying rather than cure-alls for your more serious issues with the material on the test.We’ve written a guide on how to study for the ACT that you can check out for more insight into the review process. Overall ACT Hacks Here are some techniques that you can use on all parts of the ACT to earn the best possible score on each section. #1: Skip Hard Questions at First On every section of the ACT, you need to pace yourself carefully to avoid running out of time before you get to all of the questions.If you come across a question that completely stumps you, don’t linger. Struggling with one question for too long can damage your scores because it takes up time you could have used to answer easier questions later in the section.You can always come back to the questions you skipped if you have time, but you shouldn’t prioritize one tricky question over getting through the section before time is called. #2: Fill in an Answer Bubble for Every Question The ACT has noguessing penalty, so it’s in your best interests to fill in an answer choice for every question on the test.Even if there are only 30 seconds remaining in a section and you have five questions left, you should fill in those bubbles at random in case you get lucky.If you do, you’ll earn more points, and if you don’t, your score will be no different than if you’d left the questions blank. #3: Know the Test Structure Since this is a standardized test, you should prepare by becoming familiar with how it’s structured.If nothing on the test comes as a surprise to you, you’ll feel much more relaxed.You'll be able devote all of your mental energy to understanding the content rather than navigating an unexpected test format. This article provides a complete guide to the format of the ACT, including skills tested, number of questions, and length of each section. #4: Use Process of Elimination Process of elimination is the most effective strategy for answering questions on the ACT.It’s much easier for look for reasons to get rid of answers than it is to pick the correct choice out of the lineup right away.Be picky about what it means for an answer to be correct. This is especially applicable to questions in the English and Reading sections.If you can’t find evidence in the passage that definitively supports an answer choice, get rid of it! You don't have to guess what's behind each door - you'll be able to find clues that rule out 3 out of 4 answers. If you answer correctly, you'll get a brand new karaoke machine. Be sure to claim your prize from the College Board. You deserve this. ACT English Hacks Here are a few tricks specific to the English section that will help you find the answers to questions that might otherwise stump you. #5: Choose the Most Concise Answer The essence of good writing is saying what you mean in the most accurate way without any extra unnecessary words. When you’re trying to decide between a few different phrasings for a sentence in the English section, usually the least wordy choice is correct.There are exceptions to this rule, but it’s enough of a common trend that if you’re totally stumped by a question, picking the shortest answer is a fairly safe bet. #6: Tread Carefully With NO CHANGE Answers Many students are either too wary of NO CHANGE answers or too eager to pick them.Always double check before choosing NO CHANGE, but if you genuinely feel that it’s the right answer, try not to doubt yourself too much.NO CHANGE answers make up around a quarter of the correct responses to questions where they’re presented as an option. Don’t assume that a NO CHANGE option is any less likely to be correct compared to the other choices. #7: Read Around the Question Context is important on ACT English because all the questions are based on longer passages.When answering a question about the structure of a sentence, you should always read the entire sentence, not just the part that you’re asked to revise.It might even be helpful to read the preceding and following sentences so that you can get a feel for how the different answer choices affect the flow of the passage.This will help you see that some phrasings sound more awkward than others when considered in a larger context. Context is always important. For all we know, this is just a disembodied pair of arms underneath a pile of clothes. ACT Math Hacks The Math section is the most challenging part of the ACT for many students. Here are some hacks that will help you get through tough problems. #8: Plug In Answers The great thing about multiple choice tests is that the correct answer is always right there in front of you - all you have to do is find it. Thismeans that you can often work backward to find the correct answers to math problems on the ACT even if you’re not sure of the actual solution method.This can take longer than just solving the problem the old-fashioned way, so it shouldn’t be your first move, but if you’re stumped it’s a viable way to solve problems successfully. #9: Use the Diagrams Diagrams on the Math section exist to help you, so make sure you take advantage of them.Diagrams are useful in estimating the correct answer even if you aren’t sure how to solve the problem.If you need to calculate a dimension of a shape, for example, consider how large that dimension looks compared to other parts of the diagram that are already labeled. In doing this, you can ensure that your answer makes logical sense. #10: Memorize Important Formulas The ACT doesn’t give you a list of formulas like the SAT, so you have to know the most commonly used formulas off the top of your head.Make sure you take a bit of time to review this list of formulas before the test. For example, you should know that the cosine of angle B in this image is equivalent to the length of side C divided by the length of side a. ACT Reading Hacks The Reading section involves a great deal of time pressure and high-level reading comprehension skills.These strategies will help you on the road to overcoming these challenges. #: Decide Whether to Skim or Skip You should go into the Reading section with a strategy in mind for how you want to approach the passages.Some people can read the passages normally all the way through and still make it to the end of the section, but for most students, it’s smart to adopt a more efficient alternative approach. One option is to skim the passage before starting work on the questions.This usually means reading the intro paragraph, first and last sentences of each body paragraph, and conclusion paragraph.These parts of the passage usually provide the most critical information about the central topic. Another option is to skip the passage initially and head straight for the questions.You can answer questions about small details by going back and searching for them in the passage.Save the broader questions for last after you’ve already gotten a handle on what the passage is about by putting together the smaller details.Experiment with each of these strategies on practice tests so you know what works best for you and saves you the most time. #12: Read Your Favorite Subject First In the ACT Reading section, the passages are always in the same order with regards to their subject matter.You can take advantage of this by determining the optimal order in which to read the passages beforehand.It’s best to start with the subject matter or writing style that you feel most comfortable reading because you’ll get through that passage faster than the others and probably won't struggle as much with the questions.It would be a bad idea to save the subject you like most for last because you might run out of time before getting to that question set. #13: Always Find Direct Evidence You should never make assumptions to get to your answers to questions on the Reading section.If you think that two answers seem equally valid, reread the relevant part of the passage and carefully analyze the evidence.There is only one irrefutably correct answer, and you'll always be able to point to something in the passage that gives it away. The resigned pain in this child's eyes resembles the attitude with which most students approach ACT Reading passages. ACT Science Hacks Here are a few ACT hacksyou can use to make the science section a little less intimidating and more manageable. #14: Save Conflicting Viewpoints for Last Conflicting viewpoints is the most time-consuming part of the ACT Science section for almost every student.It involves much more reading than the other parts of the section, which mostly consist of data interpretation.It’s best to save conflicting viewpoints for last so youcan get through all the quicker passages first. #15: Visuals Are Your Friends The ACT science section appears complicated because there are detailed explanations of experimental procedures combined with diagrams and charts. However, most of this information only exists to make you freak out about all the stuff you think you don’t understand. You can ignore most of the background information and just focus on the data provided in the visuals when answering questions. These questions are mostly based on logic, not complex science. #16: Don’t Bother Studying Science Terms The Science section on the ACT doesn’t have much in common with the tests that you’ve taken in high school science classes.It’s not necessary to study terms because there won’t be any obscure concepts that you need to understand independently.Anything obscure that you need to know to answer the questions will be defined for you in the passage.Succeeding on the Science section is about getting used to the format and digging down to the logical core of each question. Science is tooooootally tubular. ACT Writing Hacks If you’re taking the ACT with Writing, here are some ways to ensure that you end up with a decent score even if you’re not completely confident in your writing abilities. #17: Include an Introduction and Conclusion Introductions and conclusions are the most important aspects of any ACT essay.The graders pay close attention to the first and last paragraphs of each essay because they provide insight into the quality of the rest of your writing.The introduction is even more critical to your score than the conclusion because it includes a thesis statement, which gives the reader a preview of the rest of your essay.Make sure your intro contains a clear thesis statement that will make it easy for the grader to give you points! #18: Write at Least Two Pages There’s no official length requirement for the ACT essay, but you should aim for at least two pages of writing to ensure that your argument is fully developed.Essays that are less than two pages typically score lower because they don’t include enough details or explain their ideas completely.If you have an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion, making your essay at least two pages probably won’t be an issue. Conclusion: How to Hack the ACT You need to have strong fundamental knowledge of the content to earn a high score, but there are still a few simple ACT hacks you can use to make the test easier for yourself without doing a bunch of extra studying. Here's a consolidated list of all the strategies I've gone over in this article: Overall ACT Hacks Skip Hard Questions at First Fill in An Answer for Every Question Know the Test Structure Use Process of Elimination ACT English Hacks Choose the Most Concise Answer Tread Carefully with NO CHANGE Answers Read Around the Question ACT Math Hacks Plug in Answers Use the Diagrams Memorize Important Formulas ACT Reading Hacks Decide Whether to Skim or Skip Read Your Favorite Subject First Look for Direct Evidence ACT Science Hacks Save Conflicting Viewpoints for Last Visuals Are Your Friends Don't Bother Studying Science Terms ACT Writing Hacks Include an Introduction and Conclusion Write at Least Two Pages These tactics will help you become a more efficient and confident test-taker as long as you use them in tandem with a responsible long-term study plan! What's Next? Are you looking for a reliable guide to preparing for the ACT? Check out ourlist of the best ACT review books released this year. You might not have time to get through a whole review book before you take the ACT. If that's the case, this article has a list of critical last-minute strategy guides that you should read. Feeling ambitious? This guide will tell you exactly what you need to do to work towards a perfect score on the test. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Journal of Korean Melodrama Peppermint Candy (1999) Movie Review

Journal of Korean Melodrama Peppermint Candy (1999) - Movie Review Example The movie shows that it was the manipulative and oppressive society that led Yongho to commit suicide out of the sufferings that the social system caused him. The movie opens up to show that Yongho was a young business and then he eventually loses his enterprise and his money due to the bankruptcy. He also goes through a failed marriage with a Honja who is a woman he used. He eventually loses his dreams of marrying Sunim, his true love, and becoming a photographer. The movie explores these events through the psychological exploration of Yongho. The viewers are clearly shown how these psychological issues are caused because of an oppressive society in which Yongho loved. The society killed his individuality and his innocence to make him a person with no hope and no love. The director also explores how the political, economic, and social crisis of Korea in the 1980s and 1990s affected Yongho. His character was such that the Korean audience could relate to easily as he was a symbol of degradation of the society. Thus the movie clearly showed how the repressive and manipulative social system could absolutely tear an individual apart. The society was a militarized and patriarchal society which was male oriented. The issues displayed in the film explore the masculine ideology that was present in the Korean society at that time. The most important element which showed the masculine ideology was the militarized society that shaped Yongho’s life. The military control over Korea influenced the masculine ideology which prevailed in the state. The elements that portrayed the masculinity were the organized use of violence and avoidance of the reproductive activities which are culturally feminine. Another element which clearly showed the masculine ideology in the movie was the marginalization of women. The movie was about a man’s life from a male perspective and it totally failed to portray the

Goldman Sachs Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Goldman Sachs Group - Essay Example Goldman Sachs emerged in 1869 when founder Marcus Goldman founded the company; his son-in-law Samuel Sachs would join the organization in 1885, giving the company its modern moniker. In this early incarnation, the company primarily functioned as a commercial paper manufacturer for entrepreneurs. They were highly successful and joined the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1896 (Lindskoog). In the early 20th century the company moved into the financial market, a path that would come to characterize the organization. Their first substantial contributions to this market were in terms of managing initial public offerings (IPOs). For instance, they managed the Sears, Roebuck and Company IPO in 1906 (Lindskoog). At the time this was the largest market IPO that had occurred on the NYSE. The next great shift in the company occurred in 1930 when Stanley Weinberg joined the organization. Weinberg’s major contribution was shifting the company emphasis from trading and more into the field of investment banking. While Goldman had suffered a hit in reputation during the 1929 stock market crash, Weinberg had worked to restore much of the company’s brand. One considers a similar parallel with the 2008 economic recession (Lindskoog). ... In 1990 future Treasury Secretary under the Clinton administration Robert Rubin joined the firm. In 1994 he would leave and Jon Corzine would assume leadership; Corzine was proceeded by Henry Paulson, another former Treasury Secretary (Lindskoog). In 1999 the company issued its own IPO, releasing 48% of its stock publicly. Still, the most notable elements of the company occurred in the 2007-2008 subprime mortgage crisis. During this period the company profited on the collapse in subprime mortgages by short-selling subprime mortgage backed securities; this garnered significant questions of ethics (McGee). Still, the company experienced significant financial hardship during the recession and received over $10 billion in government bailout (McGee). The company has a large variety of financial products and services. In its contemporary incarnation the company has three main divisions: investment banking, asset management and securities services, and trading and principal investments (Coh an). The investment banking division involves financial advising; such practices include mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, and avoiding hostile. They also participate in underwriting public offering and private placements of equity. Another division is asset management and securities service. The asset management division offers investment advice and financial planning (Cohan). The securities service includes clearing, financing, custody, and securities lending. The third division is the trading and principal investment division. This is understood as the most developed of the organization’s divisions and operates as the organization’s greatest source of profit (Cohan). This division is divided into the further subsections of fixed income, currency,

Teenage pregnancy Essay Example for Free

Teenage pregnancy Essay Teenage pregnancy is defined as a teenage girl, usually within the ages of 13-19, becoming pregnant. The term in everyday speech usually refers to girls who have not reached legal adulthood, which varies across the world, who become pregnant. Causes and of teenage pregnancy Teen pregnancies may result for different reasons in industrialized countries as compared to developing countries. Factors that contribute to teenage pregnancies include: Customs and traditions that lead to early marriage (developing countries) Adolescent sexual behavior which may also be influenced by alcohol and drugs Lack of education and information about reproductive sexual health including lack of access to tools that prevent pregnancies Peer pressure to engage in sexual activity Incorrect use of contraception Sexual abuse that leads to rape Poverty Exposure to abuse, violence and family strife at home Low self esteem Low educational ambitions and goals Effects of teenage pregnancy Research indicates that teen pregnancy and motherhood can have detrimental socio economic and psychological outcomes for the teen mother, her child, and her young siblings. A teen mother is more likely to: †¢ Drop out of school †¢ have no or low qualifications †¢ be unemployed or low-paid †¢ live in poor housing conditions †¢ suffer from depression which may result in suicide †¢ live on welfare The child of a teen mother is more likely to: †¢ live in poverty †¢ grow up without a father †¢ become a victim of neglect or abuse †¢ do less well at school †¢ become involved in crime †¢ Abuse drugs and alcohol †¢ Eventually become a teenage parent and begin the cycle all over again The younger sibling of a teen mother is more likely to: †¢ accept sexual initiation and marriage at a younger age †¢ Place less importance on education and employment Disadvantages of teenage pregnancy TEEN PREGNANCY: STIs, HIV AND AIDS †¢ As a result of unprotected sex, young people are also at risk of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection. †¢ The highest rates of STIs worldwide are among young people aged 15 to 24. Some 500,000 become infected daily (excluding HIV). †¢ Two in five new HIV infections globally occur in young people aged 15 to 24. †¢ Surveys from 40 countries show that more than half their young people have misconceptions about how HIV is transmitted. †¢ Married adolescent girls generally are unable to negotiate condom use or to refuse sexual relations. They are often married to older men with more sexual experience, which puts them at risk of contracting STIs, including HIV. Prevention FAMILY PLANNING AND YOUNG PEOPLE: CHALLENGES †¢ Many societies, including in Malaysia, disapprove of premarital sex. †¢ As a result, young people have limited or no access to education and information on reproductive sexual health care. †¢ Modern contraceptive use among adolescents is generally low, and decreases with economic status. Fewer than 5% of the poorest young use modern contraception. †¢ Young women consistently report less contraceptive usage than men, evidence of their unequal power in negotiating safer sex or restrictions on their access to services (such as lack of information, shame, laws, health provider attitudes and practices, or social norms). †¢ Young people may hesitate to visit clinics because of lack of privacy and confidentiality, inconvenient locations and hours, high costs, limited contraceptive choices and supplies, and perhaps most importantly, negative or judgmental provider attitudes. †¢ Laws and policies also may restrict adolescents’ access to information and services, for example, by limiting family planning to married people or requiring parental or spousal consent. †¢ A basic challenge in advocacy, especially in traditional societies, is the taboo on public discussion of sexual issues, including the fact that many young people are sexually active before marriage.

Creating a Garden for the Blind :: Architecture Design Essays

Creating a Garden for the Blind In creating a garden for the blind, the senses of smell, hearing and touch take on prominence. Even without sight, a person can enjoy a garden simply by feeling the symmetry of leaves, touching the bark of different trees and feeling for buds at the start of spring. Even though a visually disabled person cannot enjoy the vibrant colors of a rose garden, they can enjoy the strong scent from such flowers. Because the sense of sight is taking aback seat in this garden, importance is also placed on maneuverability through the garden. A Braille board should be placed at the entrance to the garden, explaining the topography of the garden and how to maneuver through it without assistance. Another Braille board at the entrance should explain the garden. To facilitate easier movement, the garden could be designed after a clock. One should enter the garden at twelve o’clock and walk clockwise through the garden; at each point on the clock, one would encounter plants of various scents and textures. The path around the garden should be smooth and even in order to ensure easy independent movement. In contrast, small pebbles along the side of the path could indicate the presence of Braille boards that explain the plants. In addition, cobblestone or another stone variety could indicate the presence of benches. The flowerbeds could be raised about two feet from the ground. This would not only make it easier to touch and enjoy the featured plants but would also place flowers and plants at a perfect height for those guests with physical disabilities. Furthermore, these exhibits could include hanging pots with plants of special interest. The plants placed in such pots would be those with special textures or appeals. As the potted plants grows to large for the pot, it can be planted in the flower bed and replaced with another interesting plant or simply a smaller version of the original plant. As guests enter the garden, they should be greeted by the sounds of flowing water; a fountain or waterfall placed here would create a welcoming sound. Palm trees of various shapes and sizes placed around the water feature would provide an interesting texture for guests. Both the leaves and bark of these thriving plants would provide attractive textures.

Uop Eth/125 Week One Assignment

Associate Program Material Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Please complete the following exercises, remembering that you are in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: †¢ Race †¢ Ethnicity †¢ Religion †¢ Gender †¢ Sexual orientation †¢ Age †¢ Disability |Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Race |All black people are ghetto. All Jewish people are tight wads. |All Middle Eastern people are | | | | |Muslim. | |Sexual orientation |All people who are gay have HIV |All gay men act girly. |All lesbian women act masculine. | |Gender |All women are emotional. |Women are meant to be house wives. |Men make more money than women. | Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide itations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? I personally think that there are very few positive aspects of stereotypes. The main reasoning being that stereotypes were originally based on negative actions. An example I would use as a positive stereotype would be: All Cheerleaders are peppy, upbeat, and outgoing. Another example would be: All dancers are extremely flexible. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? The majority of stereotypes stem from a negative aspect formed toward a particular group of people.Most of these stereotypes can be hurtful because they can’t tend to be opinions that are not true. Many things can be affected by stereotypes including how those people feel about themselves and how they interact with others. An example of a negative stereotype would be the assumption that all Middle Eastern people are terrorists. I have personally witnessed a Middle Eastern shop owner go out of business in my parents small town. After 9/11 all the residents s topped buying from him, thus causing him to go out of business.Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. The difference between stereotypes and prejudice is that with stereotypes people just assume that all persons of a certain type act a certain way. Prejudice is judging someone of any difference ranging from race to sexual orientation for no reason without meeting them.Stereotyping is assuming all black people are ghetto because that is what you have seen from the few you know. Prejudice is hating someone because they are black. What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? The relationship between them is that one (prejudice) is that you are having the wrong impression of a person before meeting them and the other (stereotyping) is just assuming th at all persons of that type are the same based on the few that you have actually met.In other words guessing that all persons of that type are the same. What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Being well knowledge is the main way to prevent prejudice. The more people know about other people the more they can relate to each other. We must ask ourselves how much we really know about different types of people and where did we get this information? Surrounding ourselves with a vast range of types of people will help us form true feelings about others based on personal experience from interaction.

Marriage and Lovers

An Epitaph upon Husband and Wife By : Richard Crashow Richard begins his poem with addressing lovers who are dead and whom death gathered them one more time, or, as it were, wedded them again, and this is a metaphor, in which, he resembles dying together to get married again. The grave that the lovers are in is the second marriage-bed, this is also a metaphor. The lovers will fade away, for separating soul and body is the fate's job which is : obligatory; however, desting can not sever husband and wife because they live once.Now the poet wants readers to calm down because the lovers are not dead, they are sleeping like innocent turtles, this is an image, in which, he resembles the sleeping of the lovers to the turtles, for turtles are innocent and never commit any bad thing. The only reason that lets them sleep together is love knot, lovers cannot run away, for love knot gathers them together. The lovers have to sleep until the end of fate's job which is : taking away people's life, they have to sleep until the dawn shines, and then all life will be daytime only without night as in paradise.When the storm stops, and the shining dawn comes, the lovers will sleep with happiness and enjoys eternity. Commentary This poem is entitled † An Epitaph upon Husband and Wife† by Richard Crashow, a metaphysical poet. The metaphysical poetry is unusual poetry that is behind logic. In this poem, Crashow tries to cure a misconception, in which, lovers fade away after being dead, he declares that they are just asleep, they do not die but live immortality. This poem enjoys rhyme as in : † wed ,bed† , † wife ,life† , â€Å"lie ,tie† and â€Å"light, night†.

How Does Reality Television Affect the Minds Essay Example

How Does Reality Television Affect the Minds Essay Example How Does Reality Television Affect the Minds Essay How Does Reality Television Affect the Minds Essay Reality television affects the minds of all who watch it, but has a big effect on children because it inhibits social interaction and it is not always intellectually stimulating. In my research paper, I will explain the lack of activities reality television has on young children, and how reality television causes too much drama. I also will explain how reality television affects the minds of young children. All children in industrialized parts of the world are exposed to television from birth onward, and they begin paying attention to it quite early. When they are between 2 and 5 years old, they form some basic conceptions about the representational nature of the television medium and begin to understand how the content shown on television is related to events in the real world. (Wright, Huston, Reitz, amp; Piemyat 1994) On average, children watch at least four hours of television a day. By the time they graduate from High School they will have spent more time in front of the television than they have in a classroom.If television is used right it can have an educational value, but too much television portraying improper values can harm children. (American Academy of Child amp; Adolescent Psychiatry, 2001) Watching reality television is like being addictive to drugs. Once a children starts to watch one episode they are ready for the next one. It goes on and on. A young child does not realize there are more things to life than to sit in front of a television all day. Reality television can affect a child sleep, grades, and behavior.According to the University of Michigan Health System, Spending too much time watching TV can take away from the healthy activities like active playing outside with friends, eating dinner together as a family, or reading. (2010) It is important for young children to interact with their peers because they learn to communicate and learn cognitive and motor skills. Young children that are inside watching reality shows all the time begin to gain excess weight because the lack of activities throughout the day. A young child should be doing homework or studying to increase their knowledge.Young children are watching celebrities’ relationships, how they are living, and how they make everything look so good on reality shows. Some reality television shows are inappropriate for young children such as Love amp; Hip Hop Atlanta. There are too much gossiping, inappropriate language, and drama. They walk around smoking, cussing and fighting with their housemates. They have multiple tattoos and piercings and show no respect. The men and women have multiple sex partners and sex is openly shown on the show. Love amp; Hip Hop gives children the idea that it is okay to live like this. Reality television can add some annoying if not downright dangerous new ideas to kids imaginations. It also shows kids a distorted view of reality, since these television programs dont bear much resemblance to the actual reality of daily life. (Langholt, 2010). It gives the idea that premarital sex, smoking, cussing, fighting, and dressing in a revealing style is normal. There are many video’s floating around the internet of children imitating various characters from this show. Kyla Boyse states, Media violence can contribute to aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence, nightmares, and fear of being harmed. (2010) Children should not be introduce to violence behavior because what they see on reality television shows they will think it is alright to do. They are young and act on things they see. With all the inappropriate language than after a while they will be using it. Reality television can add some annoying if not downright dangerous new ideas to kids imaginations. It also shows kids a distorted view of reality, since these television programs dont bear much resemblance to the actual reality of daily life. (Langholt 2010) Reality television affect young children mind in many ways. Langholt states, Children are like sponges and they soak up the many things that they see others doing on television, and often repeat what they see on television. (2010) Some have a favorite celebrity and they want to be just like that individual. Young children see the good of celebrities but not the bad. It is alright to be wanted to be like some of them but not all. Children are looking at the beauty and what they have, but little do they know, they have more problems than normal people.A child does not know that celebrities have on makeup, wigs, and the whole do. Good reality shows for kids are Little People Big World and 19 Kidsamp; Counting. On Little People Big World and 19 Kids amp; Counting teaches their children how to work for what they want. In conclusion, reality television shows can cause lack of activities and too much drama. Although reality television affects the minds of young children, and it inhibits social interaction, it can also educate them as well. Children should watch educational channel such as PBS, Nick, and TLC.

The Othello Essay †Timeless Topics. BestEssay.education

The Othello Essay – Timeless Topics The Othello Essay Wow. Shakespeare took on a lot in this play – jealousy, envy, racism, and deceit. It is often considered one of Shakespeare’s â€Å"lesser plays,† if there can really be such a thing, and it is usually not studied unless a student takes a specific course on the playwright, but the beauty of writing an Othello essay is that the topics are just so timely today. A Tough Plot to Follow While the plot itself is pretty clear cut, what makes Othello a bit difficult is keeping all of the â€Å"players† in this tale of treachery and deceit straight. You may need to read it a couple of times and take some notes to keep track. But here are some key points in the plot that you need to remember: Othello is not the usual Italian hero. He is a Muslim living in a society of white Catholics, and his only claim to fame is his prowess as a military strategist and victor. He wants acceptance by this society, and the only way to get that is to keep being victorious in battle and, of course, to marry Desdemona, a white. This, he believes, will bring him the stature that he needs and make him a part of Italian society. There are forces working against him, however, in the name of Roderigo, who loves Desdemona and will do anything to make the marriage fail. He and his co-conspirator Lago concoct a plot to convince Othello that his wife is unfaithful, knowing that the proud military man will not stand for it. And there is a second benefit to all of this. By painting Cassio, one of Roderigo’s enemies, as the lover, they can get rid of him too. Othello jealousy will certainly mean that Cassio will be killed. Against this backdrop, Othello is left without a battle to fight and so has lost his value to Italy. All of the characters have travelled to Cyprus to fight invaders who never come. So there sits Othello, no battle and only time to â€Å"stew† on the rumors and mounting evidence that his wife is being unfaithful. In the end, as the truth unfolds, Othello has lost his reputation and his wife both, and the only option is suicide. Essay Questions That Will Provide Topics Essays on Themes: Shakespeare’s themes are always timeless, and Othello is no exception. Where, in all of history, has there not been jealousy, deceit, racism, and isolation? Here are some possible essay topics: Does Othello have a single fatal flaw or more than one? Certainly, jealousy is one, but is there also envy? Is he longing to be a part of a society that only accepts him because of his military stature? Maybe his flaw is that he wants too much to â€Å"belong.† Without purpose, Othello feels isolated and alone. His â€Å"cheating† wife only adds to this. How does his sense of isolation contribute to the tragic events? Who are the â€Å"racists† in the play? Does Desdemona represent the person who has truly risen above racism? Othello Essays of Characterization A great analysis essay could be written about any number of this play’s characters, for they mirror people who have existed for all time. Here are some potential topics for you: Analyze Emilia’s character. Is she an opportunist with no moral principles? How does she change in the end? Is Lago an opportunist or a racist? Or both? What motivates him to take part in the treacherous deceit to bring Othello down? If Desdemona has a flaw, what is it? Is she a woman ahead of her time? In what way? Once you have read Othello, you may indeed find that you like it better than some of Shakespeare’s more touted plays. One of the reasons for this is that he addresses some really important issues that must be faced in our own time – the struggles for minorities in a society for acceptance and opportunity and the value we place on humans based upon their achievements, sometimes at the cost of who they are. The bottom line is this, however: if you need to write that Othello essay, you have plenty of possible toics! Othello, William Shakespeare’s lesser known tragedy, deals with some pretty hefty themes, certainly for the times in which he wrote. Many consider it a very early treatment of race relations and the struggle for minorities to find acceptance in a white-dominated society. However, you see it, there are plenty of topics for some great essays here.

Midieval Literature Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Midieval Literature - Term Paper Example The given paper will discuss the sources for The Canterbury Tales, specifically The Clerk’s tale, and investigate the differences between the versions of the story provided by different authors. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer represents a great diversity of stories narrated by many people. This diversity brings to conclusion that the sources the author took for this literary creation are very different. Such conclusion in its turn makes us think of the causes Chaucers had for writing some of the stories met in The Canterbury Tales and his reasons for using definite sources. The most worth-researching connection is the bound between  the story called The Clerks Tale  and its source. The alterations made by the author of The Clerks Tale  to the tale of Griselda show Chaucers wish to make his own deep and profound investigation of the age-old problems connected with marriage by researching the way of thinking of a husband and a wife (Smith, 2008). The first source of the tale defined by Chaucer himself is the work of Petrarch. Some place in the tale seems to be exactly copied from the source. Chaucer not only reflects the thoughts of Petrarch but even uses his words in some sentences. However, Petrarch can’t be called the main source for The Canterbury Tales. There is another creation that played more important role. It is The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio, mainly his story of Griselda that represents the main source for The Clerk’s Tale. Actually, Chaucer himself did not say any word about this source and this is not surprising – not only the clerk’s tale, but many other stories included in The Canterbury Tales have their origin in Boccaccios The Decameron. The similarity is so obvious that it can be even assumed that Chaucer communicated with Boccaccio, but preferred to conceal this fact (Smith, 2008). Two abovementioned creators are considered to be the sources used by Chaucer for The Clerks Tale. However, the

Read the chapter 8-9 from this book Indian Art, rev. ed., by Roy Assignment

Read the chapter 8-9 from this book Indian Art, rev. ed., by Roy Craven - Assignment Example According to Jonathan, the Ise shrine played an important role in the architectural structures developed in the Japanese culture after the World War II. The Japanese modernists have been seen to be the original heirs to the cultural legacy that is related to the Ise shrine. Ise which is a model of the architecture of the Japanese brought the Shinto shrine at Ise into limelight during the post war period. Therefore, after the World War II, the Ise as a symbol of religious site and also a symbol based on imperial institution changed to be an aesthetic contemplation object (Gardner et al 534). Photography played a major role in catalyzing the transformation of this site. Yoshio’s photographs that are exceptional gave an insight of shrine complex when viewed from the inside. This brought down the visual and spatial barriers that once existed when the shrines were considered to be regiopolitical aura. As a result, this has changed the nationalistic rhetoric shrill that existed during the World War II to the shrine being becoming a public institution (Gardner et al 534). According to Jonathan’s argument, modernists have embraced the fact that shrines at Ise came into being during the World War II and maintains historical legacy that is complex in nature and is related to the Japanese culture. The history from the shrine has emanated into new cultural practices. The religious practices like Ise being a site for the key purpose of worship of the divine ancestors has since changed to the aesthetic value used architectural

Healing Myth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healing Myth - Essay Example She spent five years stuck in tortuous dread, trying to outrun destruction, war, starvation and the ultimate commitment of an individual, the death. She challenged inhuman evil acts as if they were kindergarten toys. According to me the turning point in the story can be found when children’s mother turns them out of the home. She whispers to the children and Loung writes (2006) â€Å"If we stay together, we will die together, but if they cannot find us, they cannot kill us† (p.121). She instructs them to separate, â€Å"walk until you come to a work camp, tell them you are orphans, and change your name† (p.122). Loung stubbornly refuses to go so â€Å"Ma says sternly. ‘Your Pa is gone now, and I just cannot take care of you kids. I don’t want you here! You are too much work for me! I want you to leave!† (p.122).As the wife of a high ranking government official, her strategy was right and the children were saved but she lost sight of the human angle at that moment. That was a peculiar situation and in the situations they were placed in neither mother nor the children could be blamed. The wise saying goes that desperate situations need desperate remedies. In such a grim situation thinking power gets engulfed in confusion and no accurate decision is possible. It is wrong to conclude that the mother does not love her children. The reality is she visualizes absolute danger for their lives if they continue to stay in the house together and as such she wants them to leave hoping that destiny would favor w them with good luck if they move out of the house and seek shelter elsewhere. Loung’s position is also to be pitied. Her resentment towards her mother is perfect as children look forward for protection from their parents and family members when it is a question of life or death. What is their plan of escape and where will they hide? Neither the

Role of Botanical Garden in Conservation of Environment

Role of Botanical Garden in Conservation of Environment With the destruction and over-exploitation of forests, many plants diversity and species have been affected and forced to face the extinction. As we know, plants are the crucial part of biodiversity in our planet as they can provide the aesthetic values, cultural and economic benefits to us. For example, plants can provide the sources of food, medicine, shelter and clothing to most of the organisms in the world. Besides, plants are also the key determinant to maintain the balance of environment and biodiversity and help our ecosystem to achieve the stability. Without plants, many wild animals will place in the danger of extinction condition due to the loss of habitats. Much more natural disasters will also be occurred if the devastation of forests actions are being continuously such as cutting down the plants in the huge quantity from time to time. From these perspectives, we can clearly know that plants are essential to support the biodiversity and help us to achieve the sustainable development. However, what is the significance does plant diversity have for humanity? How much does the loss of plant diversity matter in our biodiversity? What resources should we be committing to its conservation? One of the reason why these are such difficult questions the answer lies in the enormous uncertainty associated with the loss of biodiversity. Which party is the most involved in the destruction of our biodiversity such as over-exploitation of forests and directly causing the pollution, global warming and climatic change? The answer is human being because they tends to satisfy their individual greed and vanity to achieve their materialistically life. Some of them are not aware with the significance and importance to protect and conserve our natural sources such as plants in nature. This probably is due to the lack exposure of the importance and benefits of plants that bring to our life and helps to support the ecosystem in our world. To protect our plant diversity, hum an being must be the leader and involved themselves in the conservation action such as building up botanical gardens because botanical gardens can help much in the plant conservation. Botanical gardens can also increase the awareness and understanding of publics towards the species of plants by some of the education and research purposes. Significance of plant conservation In the food chain, plants are mostly the primary producers to provide the food sources to secondary and tertiary producers. Plants are also the backbone of life to support the natural biological system in the Earth. This is because plants not only can provide the habitat infrastructure for many ecosystems, but also as the sources to prevent erosion and stabilize the soil systems. However, most of the plant communities throughout the world are under threat and approximate to extinction level. By the investigation and estimation of scientists, there are more than one-third or at least 100 000 species of plants are under the threaten of extinction. What are the main threats that affect the extinction of plants diversity? This might be due to the destruction of habitat, over-collection of plant species and the invasive species. When a plant species loss the habitat, the whole ecosystem will be affected by the devastating influences, as other species also lose their food sources and habitats or shelters. Other than that, this may cause us to loss the natural resources to support our daily life because plants can be processed as the medicine, building materials and fuels. As a result, it is essential to carry out the plant conservation to support the development of livelihoods based on the sustainable uses of plants and as the promoter to advocate the understanding and sharing of the benefits and functions of plants. Plant conservation can also help to strengthen the measurement in controlling the unsustainable uses of plant resources. In fact, plant conservation can be considered as a section of biological conservation because it focus on the conservation of the whole ecosystems and biodiversity to achieve the sustainable development. Plant conservation can enhance the long-term preservation, restoration and management of plant diversity and communities with the associated ecosystems and habitats. For instance, implement the in-situ and ex-situ conservation in which in-situ involved in the more natural and controlled environments whereas ex-situ mostly involved in the country of origin and only be applied when necessary. Furthermore, plant conservation plays the vital role to encourage the conservation of native plant habitats in every local community. For instance, plant conservation get involved with the native plant groups such as botanical gardens, zoo, garden clubs and national parks. Education institutes and centers can also advocate and encourage the plant conservation program in their curricula to increase the awareness among their students. This is because plant conservation need the cooperation from every people protect the threatened plant diversity and communities. Moreover, plants are crucial to us because it supports the functioning of every ecosystems and provides us with many direct advantages. Hence, it is necessary for us to aware the plants that are endangered to the extinction because plants are sustainably utilized and preserved for our future generations. If we need the long-term plant conservation of our natural resources, the sustainability utilization of plant and the sustainable living are necessary in general. However, in the contemporary day, we do not properly value the benefits of our natural resources to bring to us. Unfortunately, our activities tend to degrade and deplete them, even though they are essential for human-kinds survival and well-being. Additionally, plant conservation is important because extinction may occur anytime if there are the destruction of forests or without any care or preservation from human being. Plant conservation can also refer to the protection of our biodiversity from being endangered because plants can be the foundation of providing the advantages to biodiversity. The loss of plants can affect our water supply and atmosphere because plants possess the mutualism relationships between each others. Plants not only assemble the huge component of global biodiversity which approximately 320 000 species in the world, but also as the supplier to provide the major nutrient sources to food webs and provide the shelters to animals. As a result, it is crucial to promote the significance and importance of plant conservation to publics. Due to this, the government, NGO, communication, research and education centers are very important to increase the understanding, awareness and consciousness of publics. For instance, government can collaborate with the private sector and NGO to maximize the potential action and synergies to support the plant conservation. Oppositely, communication, research and education centers can cooperate with other related organizations to improve the human resources, financial support and the physical and technological infrastructure as the efforts for the plant conservation. Importance of botanical gardens Botanical gardens are the parks that consist a wide variety of plants that labeled with their botanical name. Different type of botanical gardens contain different varieties of plants. For example, some of the botanical gardens mainly consist of the plants from some specific parts in the world like tropical plants and some might take form of a green house while some of the botanical gardens or parks emphasized on the different varieties of plants such as herbs, cactus and flowering plants. Botanical gardens are mostly run by a management of universities and scientific research organizations to investigate the varieties of different plants with their unique characteristics to undergo their research experiment or project that involve with the plant taxonomy.ÂÂ   In other words, botanical garden is one of the ex-situ conservation because it involved the components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. Ex-situ conservation is the process of protecting an endangered species of plant or animal by removing part of the population from a threatened habitat and placing it in a new location, which may be a wild area or within the care of humans. Therefore, it is undoubtedly that botanical gardens have the function to preserve the endangered plant species and to sustain our environment. The main purpose that setting up the botanical gardens is to increase publics knowledge and appreciation of plant based on the significance and conservation of plants through locally and globally and also for the ongoing benefit and enjoyment of the community. Botanical gardens also can provide visitors with an exceptional range of cultural, recreational, educational and scientific facilities which improve peoples enjoyment and understanding of the plant world. Therefore, botanical gardens is used to demonstrate their relevance characteristics and values to our society. Nowadays, botanical gardens not only as the recreational and cultural purposes, but also possess a mix of all purposes behind their incorporation ranging from economic to research as a response to the interests of horticulture and botany. As the research purposes, botanical gardens can provide the real teaching materials: plants which cannot find their whole plant body in the laboratory. This is the good exposure to students to the morphology and characteristics of the different species of plants. Botanical gardens also can display the plant diversity in form and use in a particular regions. For example, which plants grown within their particular families and which plants grown for their rarity or seed. Botanical gardens also consist of timber trees that are crucial for the research and development of the uses. Other than that, botanical gardens can play the vital role to the climatic change due to their biological functions. Due to this, some related organizations can carry up some education programs because botanical gardens can strive the change of human behavior whereas their horticultural and botanical expertise will be essential in helping ecosystems to adapt to changing conditions. Botanical gardens not only treasured for their aesthetic beauty, but can help to preserve the health and well-being of planets because plants can helps to release oxygen into the atmosphere and provide the sources of food and medicines. However, the benefits for society which accrue from their economic potential may act as an incentive to over-exploit plant resources, a situation which could threaten our health, food security, economy and environment. As a example, the biggest botanical garden in Malaysia has covered an area over 92 hectares. The park is divided into three sections which are ornamental plants, flowering plants and preservation or research purposes. The garden currently has more than 700 species of flowering plants, local plants as well as plants from the Asia-Pacific and Africa regions. This botanical garden has also set up a research center with its multi-purpose collection to promote and investigate the plant conservation and sustainable use of biological plant diversity. This research center also helps to advocate the world of plants for human benefits as well as fir its own intrinsic worth. As a summary, botanical garden is a place or garden for the culture of plants collected for the scientific and educational purposes. It contains a wide variety of plants including a herbarium, the greenhouses and the research laboratory. Botanical gardens also perform the diversified functions such as the experimentation in plant breeding and hybridization and also the collection and cultivation of plants from all parts of the world. Besides, botanical gardens also essential to helps our biodiversity to achieve the sustainable development. Roles and relationships of botanical gardens in plant conservation Most of people do not aware with the roles of botanical gardens that can bring to the plant conservation. Normally, they just think that a botanical gardens often has the high recreational value, but neglected the research purposes within it. Conventionally, botanical gardens have worked in a broad range of concerns which including the reforestation, plant exploration, the establishment of nature preserves, agricultural research, publishing, and original research in botany. However, the plant conservation and education are the main concern of the function of botanical gardens in today society. Botanical gardens should play the important role in the exploration and search for promising plants, in the recognition and conservation of species in danger of extinction, and in the establishment of reserves and protected areas. Botanical gardens can provide many benefits to sustain our environment and have the closely relationships with the plant conservation. There are several steps for research center of botanical gardens to implement the plant conservation. Firstly, botanical gardens can provide the new plants of economic importance to society, including ornamentals, medicinal, trees for reforestation, plants for industry, fruits, and cash crops. Next, some plants are collected for the study of adaptability, growth, and also the economic and genetic characteristics. After that, the workers of botanical gardens will disseminate the cultural and scientific information about plants to the general public in order to increase the awareness and consciousness of public towards the plant conservation. Finally, researchers in botanical gardens will collect and maintain the endangered and rare plants in the ecosystem and investigate the methods of plant conservation in a natural habitats. How to say botanical gardens are closely related the plant conservation to sustain our biodiversity and ecosystem? Actually, botanical gardens can help to maintain the genetic diversity of plants that cannot easily be preserved as frozen seeds, or in tissue culture. Seeds of many tropical fruit and timber trees do not remain viable long, or survive freezing. Tissue culture techniques do not work, or havent been developed yet for some plants. Due to this point, botanical gardens are crucial for the conservation of recalcitrant plants which must be preserved as living specimens. Other than that, botanical gardens can contribute to the future of agricultural productivity through the plant conservation and the distribution of the many promising but underutilized food, medicinal, industrial crops, and wild relatives of crops, which are used in plant breeding to impart resistance to drought, pest and diseases and to adapt crops to other adverse environmental conditions. How do botanical gardens support the plant conservation? What are the roles that played by botanical gardens in plant conservation? In fact, botanical gardens support plant conservation in a variety methods. Botanical gardens play the important roles in plant conservation as they possess collectively accumulated centuries of resources and expertise. Many of these activities are contribute to ex-situ conservation, but botanical gardens also play the important role in in-situ conservation such as involving the education and research and development in plant conservation. Botanical gardens maintain the living collections of plants ex-situ, often displaying plant species under various groupings, to maintain a living store of genetic diversity that can support many activities in plant conservation and research and development activities. The first role of botanical gardens in plant conservation is the horticulture and cultivation functions towards the plants. This is because botanical gardens allows the better growth of the endangered plant species with the presence of these functions. With the better growth of plant, our environment also can become better because plants helps to absorb the carbon dioxide when undergo photosynthesis process. This role of botanical gardens can also maintain the plant conservation of genetic diversity ex-situ but in the other way, they also allows plants to be used in restoration and rehabilitation of degraded habitats in-situ. Therefore, we can say that the powerful resources for plant conservation are the botanical gardens research expertise in plant science and horticulture. Next, botanical gardens may implement the research and development (RD) into plant taxonomy and genetics, useful plant properties, efficient seed banking methods, phytochemistry, plant translocation and many more botanical areas that support plant utilization and plant conservation. Due to the increasing of human activity and the climatic change that causing the imbalance of ecosystem and biodiversity, research and development group of botanical gardens is important to carry out the projects that useful for the plant conservation. For example, RD team can implement the experiments to investigate how plants can withstand the degraded and changing environments. After that, apply the best solution for the plant conservation to improve the sustainable development to our society. In addition, botanical gardens possess the capability to store the seeds or germplasm of plants for future use, research and propagation. This role of botanical gardens is known as the seed banking which is another ex-situ plant conservation that helps to maintain the species of plant and reduce the chance of facing extinction. Seeds must be carefully collected and stored to ensure maximum genetic diversity is retained. To determine the best way of storing the different seeds, much more research and development activities and projects need to be carried out. Hence, we can state that botanical gardens are useful to promote plant conservation and recovery of endangered species of plant. Moreover, the development of education is important for botanical gardens to promote and implement the activities to plant conservation. This is because education is the historic strength of botanical gardens which allowing them to communicate the importance and significance of conserving plants to a more diverse audience. Through the educational resources, the plant conservation and biodiversity education efforts can be improved because these educational resources can help to educate publics about the importance of plant conservation by demonstrating the ways it might be achieved. Furthermore, botanical gardens can be the linkage to connect the plants with the well-being of human being. This role of botanical gardens directly aid to conserve the indigenous and local knowledge towards the plant conservation. Other than that, this linkage also encourages the sustainable use of plant resources for the benefit of all, as part of sustainable development. Additionally, botanical gardens also serves as the link between botanical research and public awareness of the significance and importance of plant conservation. There are over 100 million people a year visit the botanical gardens throughout the world. This is because botanical gardens provide a convenient visual image of the beauty and value of plants. Botanical gardens and other areas which native plants are preserved and managed their natural setting which are commonly known as ex-situ conservation areas. Therefore, the awareness among publics towards the plant conservation can also be increased with the exposur e of botanical gardens to them.